Samurai Pak: 5 (No Wait, 4)(Actually, Just 3) Great Adventures For Your CBM64 (Crossed Off With "Vic 20" Written In Marker Above It)

Samurai Pak (ComputerMat, 1983, On 3 Cassettes Requiring 8K Memory Expansion)

Shogun and Ninja by Robert Wallace, Talking Adventure, Adventure, and Caves of Silver by Mark William

A weird cassette game set turned up on Ebay, cheap enough for me to bite. I have to admit, the use of the term "Hi-Res Graphic" in the text describing the game still grabs me like it did 46 years ago, and a recent replacement of my Commodore VIC 20 cassette drive with one that works all of the time has me less gun-shy about cassette games. I'll get to the games in a bit, but first I had to do some research on ComputerMat, the company behind this modest package. Let's look at the only included documentation, the game's cover:

The first thing one might notice at the top, CBM was crossed out with a marker and "Vic 20" was written over it. Again at the bottom, one of the game titles is completely crossed out. Under the light, I could tell the game was "Shuttle Voyage".  So this cover was clearly printed for the Commodore 64 version of the game, but the Commodore VIC 20 version was pared down a bit, and they were too lazy to print a cover insert specific to the VIC 20. 

A Google search of "ComputerMat" with "Lake Havasu City, Arizona" turned up an interesting surprise. ComputerMat was not just a software house, they were a retailer of computer software, selling games made by Sierra and Infocom as well. I learned this thanks to the efforts of someone at the Museum of Computer Adventure Game History, who posted the entire ComputerMat 1984 Catalog!

A quick view of the catalog reveals the same color paper and font type as the game cover above, meaning that they just used a catalog sheet for it. Why they choose to use the Commodore 64 page for the cover and edit it with a marker remains a mystery when that same catalog had the VIC 20 game cover on another sheet. I will give them this - the case itself is a nice, three-slot cassette box that seals nicely, and the tapes are labelled clearly.

Not that the actual tape labels correspond to the box. Sure, Shogun and Ninja are there, each on their own cassette, with the only mention anywhere in the package that an 8K or 16K memory expander is required. The third cassette, titled "VIC-ADVENTURE PAK"  claims that Side 1 has "Talking Adventure" and "Adventure-Caves of Silver" so possibly three text adventures? I'll get into what was actually on that cassette later.

I just want to sum up my investigation into what ComputerMat was that they were a successful national-reaching retailer, with small ads in various magazines at the time, that got into some game development of their own. I think I'm a sucker for the small independent software house jumping into the game-making game, so whether or not the games included had any quality, I'm probably going to cut ComputerMat some slack. The above-mentioned catalog has a page recruiting programmers as was sometimes included in game material back then. They did not put out slick ads or even accurate packaging, but did they put out good games?

Shogun 

by Robert Wallace

The same paragraph describing the game on the box and catalog appears as text at the game start. Amazingly ahead of their time, both Shogun and Ninja have built-in instructions that load in front of the main game, and can actually be skipped if the player desires. Was anyone else doing that in 1983, I wonder? Anyway, this text painted a very pretty picture of some sort of strategy game with some level of complexity, which was really what compelled me to pull the trigger on this cheap purchase. Fortunately, the cassette-loaded instructions get a little more detailed, but certainly fail to fully explain everything going on.

To my surprise, Shogun is something really unique for its time on the Commodore VIC 20. This is a strategy role-playing game of sorts, with the player building an army and gathering resources for an eventual attack on Osaka Castle. This game has a campaign with a clear goal and a time limit, which I was able to beat, and it was a lot of fun to get there. After the instructions, the game itself starts with a title screen and a tone before asking the player to input their name and dropping them onto the map.

Like any RPG, the army wanders around on an overhead map, in this case a single screen map with only a small mountain range, a river running across the entire length of the screen, and the objective castle south of the river. Later, the player can find a map that reveals more locations. The player starts north of the river and a boat must be obtained to cross the river. It reminded me a little bit of Dragonstomper on the (Starpath-Supercharged) Atari VCS:

The World Map in Shogun

Each move takes up one turn/day and there is a time limit of 365 turns/days. Sure enough, battles pop up as one wanders, and the screen changes to a list comparing the player and enemy forces so one can choose to fight or flee. Fleeing does not always work and causes some desertion among one's troops. Fighting starts up the battle screen, and weird sound effects mark the start of the battle.

 Color-coded little stick figures are placed on the screen and as the sounds play some are killed. A final tally at the end determines who won, and if the player wins, troops join, resources like cannons are captured, and items like the map are acquired. If the player loses, they loose troops and slink away much weaker. 

The VIC 20 Starts Tallying the Gruesome Pixel Carnage in Shogun

Wandering around has an environmental danger, too, in the form of random earthquakes that cause troop loss, but so far in my sessions this seems to be a one-off event that occurs early in the game. 

The tiny mountain range hides the oracle, and entering her place changes to an actual first-person view of the temple, with the question above, "What Do You Seek". Entering the first letter of what you seek, such as "M" for map and "B" for boat, gets and answer in the form of the map symbol displayed in the center circle, indicating that is where one must go to get that item. Sometime, the oracle displays an enemy, indicating that the item one seeks must be won in battle, which is the oracle's nice way of saying "keep grinding".

The Oracle Tells Me To Head To The Shrine If I Want A Ladder

Following each excursion to such a place, one must return to the oracle to reset the ability to visit any other place. During these jaunts, of course, enemy engagements may occur and that is where most of the items one needs to make that final assault on Castle Osaka will be obtained, sometimes without the need to get them from the places the oracle recommends.

The game does seem to scale encounters with one's experience level, but sometimes throws a superior enemy right at them. But the type of units seem to matter as well, as I engaged a much more experienced army and won by virtue of having five cannons to their none, I think. Defeat does not mean game over, but the player loses troops and resources as they slink away defeated. Combat was fun, watching the screen fill up with troops, seeing them do their thing, and counting the survivors at the end. The victor is simply whomever has the most troops survive. The defeated enemy will also join the player's troops.

Once a boat is obtained, it is possible to cross the river on the map and access the locations there. One of them is called a Torii, an arch that is apparently a meeting place for gathering troops. Walking there, one will see either that the camp is occupied by the enemy, in which case a battle takes place, occupied by friendly troops who will join the player's army, or just empty. 

I found that once I had the map, boat, cannons, and siege ladders required for the final assault, I could simply go to the Torii over and over again, usually generating enemy battles, but sometimes finding friendly troops to add to my army. Once the army gets to over 300 troops, with at least 4 cannons and 4 ladders, the battle for the castle can begin.

I found Shogun to be surprisingly complex and refreshingly original for a Commodore VIC 20 game. The strategy comes in knowing when to engage the enemy or run away, but for the most part it was not difficult to manage everything the game requires in the time limit it puts in place. In one session, the time limit was given an extra 100 days at the last minute, making it even easier. 

I may be the only person on Earth in 2026 bragging about this.

Ninja

by Robert Wallace

Ninja starts out with the same title screen as Shogun, same text color, same background color, and instructions that load first. Again the printed description on the box is repeated here, with additional but sparse gameplay details. This one is a top-down, single-screen mission to break into the Khoga Stronghold and recover the Imperial Sword. The player has five lives, is armed with their own sword and gets to pick three specialty items to help.

The Kyoga Stronghold in Ninja for the VIC 20

Enemies and traps are of course invisible until encountered, and the player has two seconds to respond. Like Shogun, Ninja is keyboard-controlled all the way, with the arrow keys for movement and other keys assigned to item use. It took me a few deaths to understand that I needed to press S for sword when I encountered a guard.

At the start of each of the five lives, the player gets to select three items to take along from a list of six, each designed to counter a specific threat. One can select three of the same item but they do not appear to be consumed upon use, so grabbing three different items seems to be the best strategy. As with Shogun, the player can check these by pressing F1 for an inventory. There is no number next to each item, possibly confirming that they are not consumed.

The items are Tigerclaws, a Lantern, Chainmail, a Jimmy, Explosives, and a Blowgun. Tigerclaws are not a weapon but are used when one encounters a pit. Here is where the player has two seconds to respond with an input before they die, or become as the screen says “ DOOMED”. When the chainmail is in one's inventory it is already considered worn, as the player is seemingly automatically protected from exploding mines if it is there. The Jimmy is one of the game's three keys and opens red doors, but it might take multiple attempts, I think. 

There are no sound effects or warnings of any kind about encounters in the stronghold. So, being a ninja after all, I would take one careful step at a time and spam the sword "S" key, and it usually worked and took out any guards I encountered. If I fell into a pit, and had the Tigerclaws in my inventory, I still had time to quickly press "T" to escape even if I was spamming the "S" when I got there. Paying attention to the text atop the screen is essential to make that quick switch. 

At least one victory over a guard must be won to get the cyan key, which opens the cyan room doors in the stronghold. Once obtained, it remains in one's inventory even if and when subsequent lives are used. With that key, each room entered has its own cool first-person graphic, with locations like the Archives or Armory. Each room must be searched by walking over every available space in hopes of finding the third and final dark blue key that opens up the one checkered-red door in the place, where the sword awaits:

The text translates to Okanena, meaning "no money". Underpaid programmer I guess?

And that's it, no need to escape or fight one's way out. The vague time limit implied by the game's description never reared its head either. Ninja is fun enough for a few rounds and provides a short Commodore VIC 20 adventure with a few items to use. There may be more to the game as I never understood some of the items, but the overall objective and need for exploration make it a worthy effort to bring good old 1980s ninja fun to the VIC.

Talking Adventure (Side 1)

By Mark William

The box insert with the Commodore 64 cover instead of the VIC 20 one claims that Adventure is on this cassette, but the tape label gets it correct with the title Talking Adventure. Presumably, it is called Talking Adventure because the program has the ability to output speech text to a peripheral speech synthesizer should one have it. Commodore themselves did this in their collaboration with Adventure International in bringing five of their text adventures to the VIC 20. I've never had that peripheral for the VIC 20, and there was no instruction or documentation included with Talking Adventure mentioning speech, so who knows if they pulled it off.

As expected, Adventure is a standard early-type text adventure clearly modelled on its granddaddy Colossal Cave Adventure, as the starting instructions tell the player to collect treasures for score, and not much else. In early-type text adventures the word parsers are unforgiving, lacking in any use of synonyms of words that are close, and devoid of any hints. Typing "HELP" just repeats the opening instructions. 

This might be a cool text adventure, but I could not get past the first screen. I could "TAKE LAMP" and "LIGHT LAMP" but could not even figure out how to enter the cave itself. The description mentions a crack in the rocks and a sign saying to go in, but "ENTER CAVE", "GO IN", and "FOLLOW SIGN" didn't work. The four compass directions just took me to a "lost woods" maze which eventually wraps around to the starting screen. Up and Down got me messages telling me I can't do that here. 

"ENTER CRACK", "OPEN CRACK", "MOVE ROCKS", nothing seemed to work. Talking Adventure might be a cool text adventure, but it certainly is obtuse enough that I'll never know.

Adventure (Side 2)

By Mark William

So is this Talking Adventure without the Talking? I'll never know as it crashes upon pressing RETURN to start the game at the same opening screen as Talking Adventure. Booooo!

Caves of Silver (Side 2)

By Mark William

I was hoping for a cheap knock off of Adventure International's Pirate Cove Adventure but apparently the pirates already came by and got my memory:

This is even weirder without the memory expansion inserted.

So to summarize, Samurai Pak for the Commodore VIC 20, instead of the proclaimed "5 great Adventures" has three - one a respectable strategy RPG, one a mediocre top-down ninja game, and one a possibly standard text adventure. Two of the games included did not load. ComputerMat put this package out sometime in 1983 and it ended up here in 2026, picked apart by a sixty-year old gaming veteran who has just enough time to appreciate the effort, especially with Shogun. I even discovered an Easter Egg message in Ninja, so there was that rush too!

Something Deep: Submarine Commander for the VIC 20

Submarine Commander (Thorn EMI Video, 1983)

Written by Dean Lock, VIC 20 Version by Gary Yorke 

Big, bold two-page magazine advertisements heralded the arrival of Thorn EMI’s Submarine Commander, proudly showing off several screenshots of the game and boasting of its complexity. You see, Thorn EMI was a British publisher that was making big money at that point with the emerging home video market (VHS format), and was dipping into computer games with a huge budget for games development and marketing. 

One of the things I wanted to see when I reacquired a Commodore VIC 20 was just how sophisticated  the games managed to get for the machine before it was completely eclipsed by its successor the Commodore 64 - as well as just being abandoned due to the collapse of the videogame market in 1983. I've already covered some pretty complex games for the VIC 20 - Crush, Crumble, & Chomp, Sword of Fargoal, Renaissance, and Monster Maze - but I've acquired soooo many more than I had ever thought were made.

So I knew of Submarine Commander for the Commodore VIC 20 back in the day when I owned one - but I passed on purchasing it as it looked too technical and not that much fun to my teenage self. Forty years later I'm a more seasoned gamer who loves a variety of experiences and is, I like to think anyway, more patient and better prepared to learn such a challenging game. 

Still, it took some willpower to pick it up and put the time into it to get good enough to where I could actually sink ships. And the tiny manual, while complete, did not organize all of the information the player needs to run the submarine, so, yeah I made my own command summary card, and I made it small enough to fold up and put it inside the nice plastic case that Thorn EMI used to hold the game and manual.  

It details what is showing on all of the indicators and smaller screens along the left and right side of the screen. I mostly paid attention to the ATD indicator, the compass, and the depth. Torpedoes can only be fired and the periscope only works at  certain depths. The large center screen can be switched between the map, a sonar screen, and the periscope view if the depth allows. After getting familiar with that, it was time to head out into the open Mediterranean Sea and take out convoys of ships.

My first focus was to just learn how to steer and move the unwieldy sub. The joystick is used like a realistic rudder, where left and right steer that way, but pushing up/forward lowers the depth and pulling back/down raises it. Think of it as steering the front nose end of the submarine. On the left side instrument panel, horizontal and vertical lines help the player monitor the steering. The rudder only goes so far left and right so, just like real life I suppose, the sub cannot turn on a dime. Making turns involves strategic use of speed and rudder control to head the direction one wants.

 Before I could gain any competence at steering, though, I encountered an enemy convoy and they sure spotted me, hurling depth charges my way and doing damage to all systems, as shown on four little indicator squares in the bottom right. Figuring I was about to be sunk, I focused on the fun part - hitting ships with torpedoes - and managed to knock them out before they got me. All four of those indicators had nearly filled with red pixels, but to my surprise that damage was repaired over time.

The other enemy convoys were way over in the western Mediterranean or screwing around near Corsica, so I got back to steering training, failing a few times to thread the ninety mile wide Strait of Sicily before heading their way. In my subsequent encounters, I kept a safe distance and had time to aim my torpedoes. Soon I was sinking convoys with little difficulty and taking little damage as I only got close enough for them to spot me one more time.

The score of the game is really the total weight on what the player sunk in tons, or tonnage, and here is where I got on the easiest level before stopping my play session. 

I think the next time I play I'll do a practice session on level 1 and then try the next level up from that in difficulty. Submarine Commander is a challenging to learn but fun to play simulation game with light arcade elements, sure, but it's also a fine example of how early computer game design was really an open field with so much potential to create all new game experiences. Thankfully, they brought it to the Commodore VIC 20 (after releasing it on Atari computers first) and pulled it off on a machine that even at its height was not known for these types of games. 

Beaten: Dredge (Series X/S)

 Xbox Game Pass is more than I'll ever need, but it is nice to have access to so many games even if just to download them and check them out a little before saying "naaah". Sometimes, though, one finds a gem that grabs them and gets them interested enough to finish. While looking for a casual game I found Dredge, and it definitely is a bit of a gem for me.

One plays as a fisherman in a small open area with five island sections, moving only the boat around the waters, fishing, stopping at docks to visit towns or other points of interest and talking to people, and of course dredging for treasure. The boat moves smoothly and must avoid collision with the shore or rocks. Damage taken during these hits will appear in the cargo menu, where slots represent open cargo spaces, but also spaces taken up by the engine, fishing gear, dredging gear, and other essential boat parts. 

One fishes in designated spots that appear as bubbles on the waves, and the fishing minigame is a pretty standard button-timing mechanism, varying a little bit as the game progresses. The dredging minigame is similar, and neither the fishing nor dredging minigames ever get particularly difficult. The dredging unlocks a little bit into the game as the story progresses. 

At docks, one sells fish, repairs their ship, gets upgrades, and talks to various NPCs that sometimes have quests. Most quests involve getting fish for people. The player can organize their storage, research more upgrades to engines and fishing equipment there as well, and most importantly sleep until dawn. Dredge has a fast day-night cycle and the main story involves the creepy horror elements occurring at night. 

There might be unique fish to be had after dark, but there's also a strange fog that surrounds the player's boat and eventually attacks in the form of weird waterspouts and angry, large sea creatures. Talking to the NPCs at various towns and other places unfolds the story bit by bit, but the thrust of it all is that it's dangerous to be out on the water at night.

At least, it is at the beginning of the game. Later upgrades to the boat had me pretty confident running around at night for the most part, but in the early game it was risky. The main story that unfolds has the fisher collecting five relics, one in each smaller island chain section of the map, and return them to the guy who sets you on the quest. There are several other side-quests and fishing collection quests as well.

Each relic after the first usually has its own set of requirements to retrieve and its own locals around the island chain to help, so the story progresses nicely. Exploration of all of these areas, along with fishing and dredging in every spot, reduces any grind. I did find that using crab traps in one area was very profitable, so I did grind money that way a bit to finance upgrades. Dredging nets raw materials for ship upgrades as well as trinkets and treasures to sell.

Dredge was just the kind of casual fun I was looking for and played like a dream. It had lots of exploration, pleasant sound and graphics, and a cool horror theme going on in the story. At the end of the campaign, I made sure to experience both the good and bad endings. There were some side quests that I did not finish and extra DLC available, but the main campaign was satisfying enough. I am glad I was able to dredge Dredge up from the sea of games available on XBox Game Pass and have a good time playing it.

Using Invaders to Teach Typing: Three Arcade Game Typing Tutors for the VIC 20

 The enormous potential of personal computers for educational purposes was apparent not to just educators, but to smart computer brands all over the place who could use educational software to sell their systems to reluctant parents who might be thinking the kid is just going to play games on it.

Even more savvy were the software manufacturers who said right away that educational software could be fun and offer games and not just dry screens of math tests. One thing personal computers were ideal to teach was the useful skill of typing. Back then, before word processors, spell checks, and pdfs, people used typewriters to produce paper documents and many jobs required proficiency in the skill.

The Commodore VIC 20 has a magnificent keyboard and several software publishers put out typing training games for it. Let’s look at three.

Typing Tutor / Word Invaders (Academy Software, 1982)

This cassette contains Typing Tutor - a mostly no frills trainer, and Word Invaders, where those tutor lessons are applied to save the world from invading words. I'm really hoping the word "bespoke" comes up because I hate how that word is overused here in 2026. Before diving further, a quick reminder of how typing was taught back then. "ASDF" and "JKL;" are the home keys, where one places their eight fingertips as the central starting point to either tap on those keys or to reach each finger out from there to hit the other keys.

Typing Tutor is really four smaller programs. Each of those has tutoring for two skill levels, starting with 1 and 2, then the next program having 3 and 4, and so on. There are eight levels total, so four programs with two levels each. Those are all on one side of the cassette and Word Invaders is on the second side. That means that to train using levels 3 and 4 one would have to load the program starting at a very certain point on the cassette.

Cassette drives back then had three digit numeric counters with a button next to them to reset the counter to zero. To understand where to start, one rewinds the tape until it stops and resets the counter to zero. Now if one knows where the second or third program starts on the cassette, one fast forwards the tape to that point and starts there to load it. Academy Software couldn't tell the player that, apparently, as there is a space in the instruction manual top write down the counter number starting point for the programs for levels 3 and 4, 5 and 6, and 7 and 8. The previous owner did not bother to jot them down either, so it's up to me.

Well, now that I've tried out Typing Tutor a bit, and am not doing good on even level 1, I may not need to load up those advanced levels. The screen throws three lines of letters at the trainee, and I was able to get to 20 -30 WPM at best. Whatever I do on a keyboard at work, often with a mouse in my right hand, does not follow the home keys training I had in school before I ever owned a computer. Yet I can type pretty fast overall when composing emails or writing this blog.

Unless Word Invaders is that hard and I really need to get to 60 words per minute (how typing speed is measured), I think I'll put a pin in further tutoring. Firing up Word Invaders on side two of the tape, it is just one program and not four different ones. The player selects a level from A-D, with A representing the letters used in level 1 and 2 of Typing Tutor and so forth. The words will only be composed of those letters.

One then selects speed from 1-4 with 1 being the slowest. The invaders are various words and the player must type them away, space bars included, from left to right. They of course drop down lower and lower as the game progresses, but they eventually run out and the game is over. I was able to beat level A on the 1 difficulty with a score of 682, 28 errors, and 14.4 WPM. The manual indicates that 12 WPM are required to beat it on that speed setting, so that aligns.

Graphically it's pretty simple. The white ship at the top deploying words is just a white shape and the player's gun is just some built-in shape from the VIC 20's character set. Nonetheless, it is fun to play and definitely a good way to reinforce the tutoring one got from Typing Tutor. Together with Word Invaders, this cassette is really the full package, with a full, clinical typing trainer and a fun game. Academy Software added a sticker to the manual/cover of the game saying "RATED THE BEST EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR THE VIC 20 IN CREATIVE COMPUTING MAGAZINE", a genuine accolade from a publication which was actually kind of a big deal back then for personal computer enthusiasts. After trying it, I can see why it won.

Type Attack (Sirius, 1982)

Designed by Jim Hauser and Ernie Brock, Programmed by Ernie Brock

Making a typing training arcade game was a serious business back them and Sirius software was on it, teaming up professional educator Jim Hauser with programmer Ernie Brock to create a slick, fast paced experience that is fun to play and presumably improves typing skill. 

These guys did not just create a fun arcade game that improves typing; They created fifteen pre-programmed levels, or lessons, each progressively more difficult. On top of that, they include a "Lesson Creator" for the user to choose what letters are used in the Character Attack part of the game, and what words are used in the Word Attack part of the game.

That's right, Type Attack has two game sequences in it, the first being Character Attack. This is the Space Invaders style of gameplay I was assuming was the whole game, with an armada of letters over the player's head, descending but not shooting back. The player shoots back by typing the letters from the bottom up, without worrying about moving or aiming. Typing the letter sends a beam upward and eliminates it.

After two waves of Character Attack, Word Attack begins. In this sequence, short words move from right to left across the screen and the player must type the whole word and press the spacebar to shoot and eliminate it. There may be three or four words travelling across the screen at a time, but only the leftmost one is vulnerable and can be typed. If a mistake is made, the player can use the weird left arrow key on the VIC 20 at the upper left corner of the keyboard to back up. 

As mistakes are made, energy is used up, shown as a bar along the right side of the screen. The player starts with 100 energy and one point is used up for each typing mistake. A whopping 35 units of energy are lost if the player fails Character Attack and lets the letters reach the bottom of the screen. Likewise, any word that passes off the left side of the screen in Word Attack cost one unit.  However, each letter typed in the word passing overhead adds one point when the word is eliminated. That's a pretty cool scoring dynamic.

There's also an awesome bar on the left side of the screen that measures the aforementioned Words Per Minute (WPM). It's a nice touch and one would expect nothing less with a teacher leading the design. Type Attack turned out to be not only a great game with two different sequences, but a whole package of typing training and a lesson creator to practice specific letters or words one finds troublesome. It's not just Space Invaders with letters and words, and that was a pleasant surprise to discover.

Mastertype (Lightning Software, published by Broderbund, 1983)

By Bruce Zweig, VIC 20 Cartridge Version by James Fox and Edward Chu

I know I themed this article as "using Invaders to teach", but Mastertype forgoes Space Invaders for Space Zap, another arcade classic where the player defends a center base from attackers coming from all four compass directions (north, south, east, and west). In Mastertype, the enemy missiles come from the four corners instead, with a letter or word in each corner that must be typed to destroy the incoming projectile.

The ship in the center is where one types, and while the four incoming missiles move slow, they do not have far to travel before hitting the player's ship. Also, there are four of them. When I played the first lesson, I thought that there was a glitch where the letters stopped showing, but then I realized the lesson (again using "lesson" for game skill level) was about the home keys and what was showing on the screen was a colon, which in space looks like more background stars. However, there were not too many background stars so that one was really on me.

Broderbund was one of the greatest of the early software houses, and Mastertype comes with a 25-page, well-written and very organized instruction manual that covers all of the typing basics before even getting to the gameplay. I mean, this book has a troubleshooting guide and an appendix, as well as detailing what each of the eighteen pre-programmed lessons is about. The eighteenth lesson is actually common BASIC programming commands and words, a sign of how important that was at the time.

The cartridge boots up with a demo mode and when the demo player loses and it's ship is destroyed an awesome multicolor, psychedelic explosion expands across the screen from the center, with "THE WORDS WON" appearing at its end. It's quite dramatic, but typing was a serious business back then. Besides the demo mode, there is a beginner mode with just letters and not words, and an extensive submenu under that full of ahead-of-its-time options.

That submenu allows the player to reduce or increase the speed goals, redisplay a score after a game, change lesson, change case to upper or lower, and of course create a new lesson. The custom made lessons contain forty words with a maximum of eight characters each. Not that many Commodore VIC 20 owners had a disk drive, but the player-made lessons can be saved on tape or disk, with the disk option able to list a catalog of saved lessons if the player creates that many. 

As far as the game itself, it does capture the pressure and tension of Space Zap quite well as the player strives to eliminate incoming missiles by typing the letters or words in time. When the word is typed the player presses the SPACE bar to zap, and a little astronaut pop up out of the ship and shoots at the missile.  Each vulnerable quadrant of the ship has one shield that can be destroyed before a second hit to that spot destroys the ship and ends the game.

Mastertype, like Type Attack and Typing Tutor/Word Invaders, uses arcade gaming to help improve typing skills and is designed as a fun trainer. Broderbund claims on the back of the box that Mastertype "is the #1 best-selling typing tutorial". As far as I'm concerned, all three of these arcade game typing trainers were fun to play as well as fully viable training programs for those that need them. It's really a niche part of the early computer software days, but those who made them really put everything they could into making them complete software packages.

Three Games with Rapid Fire for the VIC 20

 The Commodore VIC 20 was a versatile machine in terms of capability, but lacked the memory and speed of Apple and Atari’s computer powerhouses. Display limitations, restrictions on the number of colors that can be displayed at once, and overall movement speed were challenging to programmers using the VIC 20. When it comes to shooters there are many on the VIC that have limits to the number of shots the player can have on the screen at once and how fast they travel. Sometimes that is a game design decision but other times it was due to the restraints mentioned above.

Programmers, however, find a way like life in Jurassic Park, and here are three great examples of pewpewpewpewpewpewew shooter games for the Commodore VIC 20 with rapid fire that allow the player to really blast away.

Video Vermin (UMI)

by Mike Wacker

Video Vermin is a straight-up knockoff of the arcade game Centipede, down to the title and bugs-in-a-garden theme, with very few differences from the revered arcade classic. It's easy to feel some disdain for a designer who simply copies an arcade classic without offering their own twist on it or at least some different theme, but when the source material is Centipede, all is forgiven once the gameplay starts.

Centipede and by design Video Vermin is a fixed-position shooter that takes place in a single playfield, or in this case a mushroom garden, where descending enemies attempt to reach the bottom of the screen to collide with and destroy the player. The main enemy is a marching row of multiple ants, fleas, or beetles rather than a segmented single beast as in the arcade inspiration. They descend through a field of mushrooms, going side-to-side across the screen and dropping a level lower when they reach the side or collide with a mushroom.

The mushrooms are solid obstacles but destructible and it is imperative that the player does so as much as possible, taking about four shots to eliminate the fungus. After the first round, butterflies begin dropping down fast from the top of the screen, laying down columns of yet more mushroom obstacles.  Other enemies include Centipede classics like the spider that pops out from the left or right side of the lower-third of the screen where the player operates, and the snail that goes across the screen making the mushrooms it touches poisonous to a point where contact with a descending enemy sends it straight down the screen rather than just dropping one level.

 It's a good thing that Mr. Wacker gives the player a killer rapid-fire gun and fast movement across the bottom-third of the screen, as that is what captures the fun of these types of games that throw everything at the player. UMI was proud of the rapid-fire in Video Vermin to mention it on the cover of the game as a selling point.

There are only a few gameplay differences between Video Vermin and Centipede that I caught, like the spider spawning four mushrooms when the player shoots it, but the programmer did take the time to put in a nice title screen, showing each enemy type listed next to the points it is worth and then switching to show some gameplay. Upon death, the entire screen quickly sinks down to the bottom and then right back up to the top with the player's next life in place. Another cool touch was the screen border going all rainbow-trippy when the player is awarded an extra life at 10,000 points.

Someday I will start collecting the officially-licensed Atarisoft arcade titles that were published for the VIC 20 and Centipede will be among the games I get. It will be interesting to see if Atari's own efforts to port over Centipede to the system will be as good as what UMI published with Video Vermin. This game has me seriously considering tracking down a tracball controller on Ebay to use instead of the joystick, it's so arcade-accurate.

Deadly Skies (Tronix)

From Dragonfly / Written by Thomas Kim

Tronix was one of those publishers who took out a lot of slick magazine ads but didn't follow it with much, publishing a total of three cartridge and three cassette games for the Commodore VIC 20 and a few other titles for the Commodore 64 and Atari Computers. Deadly Skies is one of their cartridge games for the VIC 20 featuring a helicopter that the player controls rapid-firing bombs at the scrolling buildings and weapons along the bottom of the screen. It was developed by a design team called Dragonfly that made several other games for Tronix to publish.

The player operates in the upper three-quarters of the screen, the titular deadly skies, and the goal is to carpet bomb the crap out of the bottom of the screen to clear the level. At the beginning, the military installations and weapons below are protected by a two-level cloud layer that needs to be bombed away first.  

There are lots of things that make the skies deadly in Deadly Skies, so the bombing the player does is not some free-for-all affair. From below, purple missiles shoot straight up and yellow drones rise up and track the player. One does not see these attacks coming from the ground, they just appear over the clouds and can mean instant death. At the top of the screen, a UFO flies across, just under the score, and drops bombs on the player while the player is dropping bombs below. An evaded UFO missile sadly does not continue to the ground and help the player with the carpet bombing mission.

A few screens in, slow-tumbling asteroids appear coming from the sides and those must be avoided. They change color when hit by the player and reverse direction, so it is possible to help keep the skies less deadly by sending them back toward the side in this manner. A few screens in, they get very thick, making the skies even more deadly. 

Even with all that chaos, the controls are quite precise, and the rapid-fire bombing is effective on the scrolling targets below. From the standard title screen, the player can select any of the 32 levels of play and start there, and yes the Deadly Skies on level 32 really live up to the name. Also impressive for 1983 was a pause feature, with the F7 key on the VIC 20 doing that here.

Deadly Skies is a somewhat unique fixed-position shooter, with the player in the upper part of the screen instead of along the bottom, and just so much danger from all sides. It plays fun and frantic with lots of challenge and its awesomeness certainly warrants all of those magazine ads I saw for it back in the day.

Gridrunner (HES)

By Jeff Minter

Recognized immediately upon its release and in the conversations about the Commodore VIC 20 ever since as a classic, Gridrunner is an absolutely perfect fixed position shooter, clearly inspired by Centipede but given a stylized science fiction makeover and unique gameplay elements to make it stand out proudly on its own. 

I don’t write much about sound effects but Gridrunner exudes big arcade energy during gameplay and during transitions to the next wave. It’s one of those games where the sounds are designed to assist the game itself in presenting the player with intensity.

The player controls a small ship called a “Runner” that can travel across about the bottom third of the grid, shooting upwards as always. The ship is on a grid of bright red vertical and horizontal lines and moves from intersection to intersection rather than over it all. This grid is really a clever way to get around the VIC 20's programming constraints; the built-in character map of the computer used in most games makes smooth scrolling challenging and by "jumping" from grid intersection to intersection this difficulty is overcome through gameplay design rather than deep tinkering in machine language to get at best a flickery ship transition between character map spots. It's brilliant and it works because the movement is fast anyway and the controls are precise.

Other than the grid movement twist and thematic shift from Centipede's garden to a space grid, the main enemies and gameplay dynamics differ a bit as well. The centipede is a "Gridsearch Squad" of linked droids that behave in a similar manner as their arcade inspiration. The squad travels the screen back and forth and drops down one level lower when it hits a "pod" instead of a mushroom. When the player shoots the squad in the middle it separates into two shorter squads, per usual. All in all, it behaves exactly like the centipede in Centipede.

The pods are the obstacles here, and the screen at the beginning is empty of them. They appear when the player shoots a droid segment, but also when the enemies along the left side and bottom of the screen cross their plasma zapper shots once per traversal. With the X-Zapper firing horizontally across the screen as it descends the left side top-to-bottom and the Y-Zapper doing the same left-to-right along the bottom, there is as always in these games an imperative to keep moving.

The pods themselves are similar to Centipede's mushrooms in that they are the solid obstacle that makes the droid squad descend, and they take several consecutive shots to destroy, but they have a unique twist that adds to the challenge. When left alone, they mutate through a cycle which ends with them becoming a missile that fires straight down at the player. 

Extra lives come pretty regularly and the player will need them in later levels as the screen becomes crowded and more dangerous. Jeff Minter also gets huge points for getting a rare-at-the-time pause feature in the game, by pressing "P" on the keyboard. There's little praise I can add to over forty years of Commodore VIC 20 owners own lauding of Gridrunner, but in case it was missed: Gridrunner is an audio-visual arcade delight and a must-own game for the system. 

All of these rapid fire games for the VIC 20 were fun to play and full of challenge, but the Centipede clones in particular have definitely left me with an aching desire to track down and reacquire a tracball controller to play them as they were meant to be played.